What are the properties of germanium dioxide GeO2?

Overview of germanium oxide GeO2 powder

Germanium oxide GeO2 is also called germanium dioxide. Germanium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula GeO2, which is the dioxide of germanium and has the same electronic form as carbon dioxide. Germanium dioxide, also known as germanium oxide, germanium, and germanium salt, is an inorganic compound. It is the main commercial source of germanium. When pure germanium comes into contact with oxygen in the atmosphere, it also forms a passivation layer.

The germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is white powder or colorless crystal, and it has two systems: hexagonal (stable at low temperature) and insoluble tetragonal (tetragonal). The transition temperature is 1033℃. Germanium dioxide is mainly used in the production of metallic germanium, but also in spectroscopy and semiconductor materials. 

The properties of germanium dioxide GeO2

Germanium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula GeO2, which is the dioxide of germanium, and the electronic formula is the same as that of carbon dioxide. It is a white powder or colorless crystal. There are two kinds of hexagonal crystal system which is slightly soluble in water (stable at low temperature) and insoluble tetragonal crystal system. The transformation temperature is 1033℃. Mainly used to make metal germanium, and also used as a spectral analysis and semiconductor material.

Germanium dioxide is a tetragonal crystal system, a hexagonal crystal system or an amorphous body. Hexagonal crystals have the same structure as β-quartz, germanium is four-coordinated, and tetragonal crystals have a super-quartz structure, similar to rutile, in which germanium is six-coordinated. Under high pressure, amorphous germanium dioxide transforms into a six-coordinate structure; as the pressure decreases, germanium dioxide gradually changes to a four-coordinate structure. Germanium dioxide with a rutile-like structure can be transformed into another orthorhombic calcium chloride structure under high pressure. Germanium dioxide is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, but soluble in lye to generate germanate. Germanium dioxide with a rutile-like structure is more soluble in water than hexagonal germanium dioxide, and can produce germanic acid when it interacts with water. When germanium dioxide and germanium powder are heated together at 1000°C, germanium monoxide can be obtained.

Germanium dioxide GeO2 powder can be prepared in crystalline and amorphous forms. Under environmental pressure, the amorphous structure is formed by a network of GEO4 tetrahedrons. When the pressure increases to about 9 GPa, the average coordination number of germanium increases steadily from 4 to 5. At the same time, the distance of the germanium-o bond increases correspondingly to about 15 GPa under high pressure. The coordination number of germanium increases when the pressure drops. , The dense network structure composed of GeO6 octahedrons increases to 6, and then returns to the tetrahedral form structure. Under high pressure, the rutile form is transformed into the orthogonal CaCl2 form.

Application of germanium dioxide GeO2 powder

Germanium oxide, germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is a highly insoluble and thermally stable source of germanium suitable for glass, optical and ceramic applications. GeO2 is preferred due to its excellent mechanical strength than other infrared transparent glasses, and, therefore, more suitable for rugged Military applications.

Germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is used to make germanium and also used in the electronics industry. Used as a semiconductor material. It is made by heating and oxidizing germanium or hydrolyzing germanium tetrachloride. Used as a raw material for the preparation of metal germanium and other germanium compounds, as a catalyst in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate resin, as well as spectral analysis and semiconductor materials. It can be used to produce optical glass phosphors, which can be used as a catalyst for conversion during petroleum refining, dehydrogenation, adjustment of gasoline fractions, color film and polyester fiber production. Not only that, germanium dioxide is also a catalyst for the polymerization reaction. Germanium dioxide-containing glass has higher refractive index and dispersion properties, and can be used as a wide-angle camera and microscope lens. With the development of technology, germanium dioxide is widely used in production High-purity metal germanium, germanium compounds, chemical catalysts and pharmaceutical industries, PET resins, electronic devices, etc. It should be noted that although the form of germanium dioxide is similar to organic germanium (Ge-132), it is toxic and should not be taken.

Germanium has semiconductor properties. It has played an important role in the development of solid-state physics and solid-state electronics. The melting density of germanium is 5.32 g/cm3, and germanium may be classified as a sparse metal. Germanium is chemically stable and does not interact with air or water vapor at room temperature, but at 600-700°C, germanium dioxide is quickly formed. It does not work with hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid. Germanium will slowly dissolve when concentrated sulfuric acid is heated. Germanium is easily dissolved in nitric acid and aqua regia. The effect of alkali solution with germanium is very weak, but the molten alkali in the air can quickly dissolve germanium. Germanium does not work with carbon, so it is melted in a graphite crucible and will not be contaminated by carbon. Germanium has good semiconductor properties, such as electron mobility, hole mobility and so on.

Germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is used as a catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate resin and the production of other germanium compounds. 

Germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is used as a raw material for the production of certain phosphors and semiconductor materials. In addition, germanium dioxide is used in the manufacture of germanium and is also used in the electronics industry. Used as a semiconductor material. To

The refractive index (1.7) and optical dispersion characteristics of germanium dioxide enable it to be used as an optical material for wide-angle lenses, optical microscope objectives, and fiber cores. For detailed manufacturing process, please refer to Optical Fiber. Germanium and its glass oxide GeO2 are transparent to the infrared spectrum. The glass can be made into infrared windows and lenses for night vision technology in military applications, luxury cars and thermal imaging cameras.

Germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is used as a raw material for metallic germanium and other germanium compounds, as a catalyst for the preparation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) resin, as well as spectral analysis and semiconductor materials. It can produce optical glass phosphors and can be used as a catalyst for petroleum refining conversion, dehydrogenation, gasoline fraction adjustment, color film and polyester fiber production.

Not only that, germanium dioxide or polymerization catalyst, glass containing germanium dioxide also has a high refractive index and dispersion properties, as a wide-angle lens camera and microscope, with the development of technology, germanium dioxide is widely used to produce high-purity metal Germanium, germanium compounds, chemical catalysts and pharmaceutical industries, PET resins, electronic equipment, etc. It is important to note that although germanium dioxide is similar in form to organic germanium (GE-132), it is poisonous and should not be ingested.

In algae cultivation, germanium dioxide GeO2 powder is used to inhibit the growth of diatoms that are not needed in algae cultivation, because pollution from relatively fast-growing diatoms tends to inhibit or exceed the growth of original algae strains. GeO2 is easily absorbed by diatoms, causing silicon to be replaced by germanium in the internal biochemical process of diatoms, resulting in a significant decline in the growth rate of diatoms, or even disappearing completely, with almost no impact on non-diatom species.

Germanium oxide GeO2 powder price

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Germanium oxide GeO2 powder supplier

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Germanium Oxide GeO2 Powder Properties
Other Names	Germanium dioxide, Germanic acid, Diketogermane, Dioxogermane,
	Germanium(IV) Oxide, Germania, Germane, dioxo, Oxogermane,
	Germanic Oxide (crystalline)
CAS No.	1310-53-8
Compound Formula	GeO2
Molecular Weight	104.6 g/mol
Appearance	White Powder
Melting Point	1,115° C (2,039° F)
Solubility in water	N/A
Density	6.239 g/cm3
Purity	N/A
Particle Size	N/A
Boling point	N/A
Specific Heat	N/A
Thermal Conductivity	N/A
Thermal Expansion	N/A
Young's Modulus	N/A
Exact Mass	91.9317 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass	105.911007 Da
Germanium Oxide GeO2 Powder Health & Safety Information
Safety Warning	Warning
Hazard Statements	H302-H332
Flashing point	N/A
Hazard Codes	Xn
Risk Codes	22
Safety Statements	N/A
RTECS Number	LY5240000
Transport Information	NONH
WGK Germany	1